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All articles

- Episode 193 Necrotizing Fasciitis: A strange beast: 2025 Nov 12

- Ep 192 New World Screwworm: Oh-oh here they come: 2025 Nov 5

- Special Episode: Dr. Lindsey Fitzharris and Adrian Teal & Dead Ends!: 2025 Oct 28

- Episode 191 Famine: More than starvation: 2025 Oct 28

- Episode 190 Starvation: More than hunger: 2025 Oct 14

- Special Episode: Antonia Hylton & Madness: 2025 Oct 7

- Episode 189 Newborn screening: The future is here: 2025 Oct 7

- Episode 188 Candida yeast: Here, there, and everywhere: 2025 Sep 23

- Special Episode: Mary Roach & Replaceable You: 2025 Sep 16

- Episode 187 Hypothermia Part 2: How it helps: 2025 Sep 9

NOV 12, 2025, 3:37 PM EST | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 193 Necrotizing Fasciitis: A strange beast

If you were asked to describe necrotizing fasciitis in three words, you might choose: rapid, deadly, and rare. The third of those adjectives may provide some comfort, but the first two are the clear inspiration for this infection’s more lurid nickname: flesh-eating bacteria. In this episode, we get up close and personal with necrotizing fasciitis and its causative agents. We start off by examining step by step how these infections wreak so much havoc and why doctors still struggle with its treatment. Then we take a tour through its grisly history, featuring maritime misadventures and wicked war wounds. We wrap up the story with a look at the global trends in these infections as well as some promising new research. This episode may not be for the faint of heart, but it is for the endlessly curious.

History

- Bishop, E. J., et al. “Necrotizing fasciitis in captive juvenile Crocodylus porosus caused by Streptococcus agalactiae: an outbreak and review of the animal and human literature.” Epidemiology & Infection 135.8 (2007): 1248-1255.

- Blackadder, H. Home. Observations on phagedæna gangrænosa. 1818.

- Brewer, George Emerson, and Frank Lamont Meleney. “PROGRESSIVE GANGRENOUS INFECTION OF THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES, FOLLOWING OPERATION FOR ACUTE PERFORATIVE APPENDICITIS*: A STUDY IN SYMBIOSIS.” Annals of Surgery 84.3 (1926): 438-450.

- CRUICKSHANK, ROBERT. “Hospital infection: a historical review.” British Medical Bulletin 2.12 (1944): 272-276.

- Dean, Malcolm. “Flesh-eating bugs scare.” The Lancet 343.8910 (1994): 1418-1418.

- Descamps, Vincent, James Aitken, and MartinG Lee. “Hippocrates on necrotising fasciitis.” The Lancet 344.8921 (1994): 556.

- Gorbach, Sherwood L. “Flesh-Eating Bacteria: A New Disease or an Old Story?.” Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 4.3 (1995): 177-179.

- Jackson, Robert, and Michael Bell. “Phagedena: gangrenous and necrotic ulcerations of skin and subcutaneous tissue.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 126.4 (1982): 363.

- Jones, Joseph., and M. LX. “Hospital gangrene.” Nashville Med. and Surge] 1 (1866): 329-432.

- Loudon, Irvine. “Necrotising fasciitis, hospital gangrene, and phagedena.” The Lancet 344.8934 (1994): 1416-1419.

- Meleney, Frank L. “Hemolytic streptococcus gangrene.” Archives of Surgery 9.2 (1924): 317-364.

- Nasser, Waleed, et al. “Evolutionary pathway to increased virulence and epidemic group A Streptococcus disease derived from 3,615 genome sequences.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.17 (2014): E1768-E1776.

- Patiño, José Félix, and Daniel Castro. “Necrotizing lesions of soft tissues: a review.” World journal of surgery 15.2 (1991): 235-239.

- Pini, Pia. “Superbug stars in media-made epidemic.” The Lancet 343.8910 (1994): 1376-1377.

- Quirk Jr, William F., and George Sternbach. “Joseph Jones: infection with flesh eating bacteria.” The Journal of emergency medicine 14.6 (1996): 747-753.

- de Reijke, Theo M., and Karl H. Kurth. “Fournier’s gangrene.” Current Opinion in Urology 5.1 (1995): 60.

- Sarani, Babak, et al. “Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature.” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 208.2 (2009): 279-288.

- Seal, D. V., and Barbara Leppard. “Necrotizing fasciitis—a disease of temperate and warm climates.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76.3 (1982): 392-395.

- Stevens, Dennis L. “The flesh-eating bacterium: what’s next?.” The Journal of infectious diseases 179.Supplement_2 (1999): S366-S374.

- Suijker, Jaco, et al. “The impact of necrotizing soft tissue infections on the lives of survivors: a qualitative study.” Quality of Life Research 32.7 (2023): 2013-2024.

- Trotter, Thomas. Medicina Nautica... Vol. 3. 1803.

- United States Sanitary Commission, and Frank Hastings Hamilton. Surgical Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion. [New York: U.S. sanitary commission, 187071.

- Wilson, B. “Necrotizing faciitis.” Am J Surg 18 (1952): 416-431.

Biology

- Bonne, S. and Kadri, S.S., 2017. Evaluation and management of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 31(3), p.497.

- Stevens, D.L. and Bryant, A.E., 2017. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(23), pp.2253-2265.

- May, A.K., 2009. Skin and soft tissue infections. Surgical Clinics of North America, 89(2), pp.403-420.

- Seal, D.V., 2001. Necrotizing fasciitis. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 14(2), pp.127-132.

- Allaw, F., Wehbe, S. and Kanj, S.S., 2024. Necrotizing fasciitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 37(2), pp.105-111.

- Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Shou, J., Song, R., Tan, J. and Deng, J., 2025. Epidemiology and prognostic factors of necrotizing fasciitis in resource-limited regions based on 119 cases. Scientific Reports, 15(1), p.27458.

- Stevens, D.L., Bisno, A.L., Chambers, H.F., Dellinger, E.P., Goldstein, E.J., Gorbach, S.L., Hirschmann, J.V., Kaplan, S.L., Montoya, J.G. and Wade, J.C., 2014. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases, 59(2), pp.e10-e52.

- Oruç, E., Turunç, T., Beyaz, S., Demiroğlu, Y.Z. and Arslan, H., 2022. Necrotizing fasciitis: evaluation of 85 cases and usage of LRINEC score. Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, 4(2), p.81.

- Bechar, J., Sepehripour, S., Hardwicke, J. and Filobbos, G., 2017. Laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis (LRINEC) score for the assessment of early necrotising fasciitis: a systematic review of the literature. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 99(5), pp.341-346.

- Wong, C.H., Khin, L.W., Heng, K.S., Tan, K.C. and Low, C.O., 2004. The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. Critical care medicine, 32(7), pp.1535-1541.

- May, A.K., Talisa, V.B., Wilfret, D.A., Bulger, E., Dankner, W., Bernard, A. and Yende, S., 2021. Estimating the impact of necrotizing soft tissue infections in the United States: incidence and re-admissions. Surgical Infections, 22(5), pp.509-515.

- Choi, H.K., Seo, G.H. and Han, E., 2020. The incidence and seasonal variation of necrotizing fasciitis in Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(8), pp.1090-e1.

- Tam, P.C.K., Kennedy, B. and Ashokan, A., 2023, April. Necrotizing soft tissue infections in South Australia: a 15-year review. Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 10, No. 4, p. ofad117). US: Oxford University Press.

- Tantirat, P., Rattanathumsakul, T., Praekunatham, H., Pachanee, K. and Suphanchaimat, R., 2020. Epidemiological situation of necrotizing fasciitis and factors in Thailand and factors associated with its morbidity and mortality, 2014–2018. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, pp.1613-1624.

- Khan, S., Ahmad, R., Munir, A., Nasir, S., Adnan, M., Naveed, F., Idrees, U., Fatima, S.M. and Iqbal, J., 2025. Trends in Necrotizing Fasciitis‐Associated Mortality in the United States 2003–2020: A CDC WONDER Database Population‐Based Study. World Journal of Surgery, 49(5), pp.1210-1218.

- Archer, E.J., Baker-Austin, C., Osborn, T.J., Jones, N.R., Martínez-Urtaza, J., Trinanes, J., Oliver, J.D., González, F.J.C. and Lake, I.R., 2023. Climate warming and increasing Vibrio vulnificus infections in North America. Scientific reports, 13(1), p.3893.

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

NOV 5, 2025, 1:25 AM EST | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Ep 192 New World Screwworm: Oh-oh here they come

It’s the stuff nightmares are made of. A fly lands on an open wound and lays hundreds of eggs, from which hatch countless ravenous maggots. There they writhe, devouring flesh, insatiable and relentless. Every minute they dig deeper and deeper until flesh gives way to bone. Even the species name of these maggots inspires a shiver of fear: Cochliomyia hominivorax – “man eater”. This nightmare of a fly is the horrifying reality for many mammals in South America and some Caribbean islands, particularly cattle. And it seems to be making a comeback in the places it was previously eradicated – Central and North America. What exactly this fly does, why it’s such a problem, and how we came to defeat it (temporarily) all feature in this week’s episode. Sterile flies? Archival footage? Gnarly descriptions? This episode has it all.

History

- Silent Spring. Carson Rachel . 368 pp. illus.,  Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. (1962)

- Gillman, Helen. The New World Screwworm Eradication Programme: North Africa, 1988-1992. Food & Agriculture Org., 1992.

- Graham, F. (1984). The Dragon Hunters. United States: E.P. Dutton.

- Alexander, James L. “Screwworms.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 228.3 (2006): 357-367.

- Aubertin, D., and P. A. Buxton. “Cochliomyia and myiasis in tropical America.” Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 28.3 (1934): 245-254.

- Coquerel, Ch. “Note sur les larves appartenant à une espèce nouvelle de diptère (Lucilia hominivorax) developpées dans les sinus frontaux de l’homme à Cayenne.” Annales de la Société entomologique de France. Vol. 3. 1858.

- e Souza, Kelly da Silva, et al. “Demographic and historical processes influencing Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) population structure across South America.” Parasites & Vectors 18.1 (2025): 18.

- Fresia, Pablo, Ana Maria L. Azeredo-Espin, and Mariana L. Lyra. “The phylogeographic history of the New World screwworm fly, inferred by approximate Bayesian computation analysis.” PLoS One 8.10 (2013): e76168.

- Gutierrez, A. P., L. Ponti, and P. A. Arias. “Deconstructing the eradication of new world screwworm in North America: retrospective analysis and climate warming effects.” Medical and veterinary entomology 33.2 (2019): 282-295.

- Hall, M. J. R. “Screwworm flies as agents of wound myiasis.” World animal review 1991 (1991): 8-17.

- Klassen, W., et CF Curtis, and J. Hendrichs. “History of the sterile insect technique.” Sterile insect technique. CRC Press, 2021. 1-44.

- Knipling, Edward F. “The eradication of the screw-worm fly.” Scientific American 203.4 (1960): 54-61.

- Lindquist, D. A., M. Abusowa, and M. J. R. Hall. “The New World screwworm fly in Libya: a review of its introduction and eradication.” Medical and veterinary entomology 6.1 (1992): 2-8.

- Nasser, Mohamed G., et al. “Evolutionary profile of the family Calliphoridae, with notes on the origin of myiasis.” Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28.4 (2021): 2056-2066.

- Spradbery, J. P. “Screw-worm fly: a tale of two species.” Agricultural Zoology Reviews 6.1 (1994).

- Stevens, Jamie R., and James F. Wallman. “The evolution of myiasis in humans and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part I): phylogenetic analyses.” TRENDS in Parasitology 22.3 (2006): 129-136.

- Stevens, Jamie R., et al. “The evolution of myiasis in humans and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part II): biological and life-history studies.” TRENDS in Parasitology 22.4 (2006): 181-188.

- Valdez-Espinoza, Uriel Mauricio, et al. “The reemergence of the New World screwworm and its potential distribution in North America.” Scientific Reports 15.1 (2025): 23819.

- Van der Vloedt, A. M., and W. Klassen. “The development and application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for New World screwworm eradication.” World Animal Review (1991): 42-49.

- Vargas-Terán, Moisés. “The new world screwworm in Mexico and Central America.” (1991): 28-35.

- Welch, John B. “A detector dog for screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae).” Journal of economic entomology 83.5 (1990): 1932-1934.

- STOP Screwworms: Selections from the Screwworm Eradication Collection, National Agricultural Library, USDA.

- Severn Run’s Cazador (Caz), Screwworm Detection Dog, Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records

- Screwworm Eradication Program Records: Oral Histories. National Agricultural Library. Uploaded to Internet Archive.

- Who Shall Reap? Film by US Department of Agriculture. 1969. Uploaded to Internet Archive.

- Firsthand account video: United States Department of Agriculture. 1963. “Look Out for Screwworms.” Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library. Accessed August 28, 2025, https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/items/show/6900.

Biology

- Thomas, D.B. and Mangan, R.L., 1989. Oviposition and wound-visiting behavior of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(4), pp.526-534.

- Wyss, J.H., 2000. Screwworm eradication in the Americas. Annals of the new York Academy of Sciences, 916(1), pp.186-193.

- Scott, M.J., Concha, C., Welch, J.B., Phillips, P.L. and Skoda, S.R., 2017. Review of research advances in the screwworm eradication program over the past 25 years. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 164(3), pp.226-236.

- USDA: New World Screwworm Story Map March 2017.  https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/cattle/new-world-screwworm-mapping

- Alexander, J.L., 2006. Screwworms. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228(3), pp.357-367.

- Thomas, D.B., 1993. Behavioral aspects of screwworm ecology. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, pp.13-30.

- Valdez-Espinoza, U.M., Fadda, L.A., Marques, R., Osorio-Olvera, L., Jiménez-García, D. and Lira-Noriega, A., 2025. The reemergence of the New World screwworm and its potential distribution in North America. Scientific Reports, 15(1), p.23819.

- Hickner, P.V., Mittapalli, O., Subramoniam, A., Sagel, A., Watson, W., Scott, M.J., Arp, A.P., de León, A.A.P. and Syed, Z., 2020. Physiological and molecular correlates of the screwworm fly attraction to wound and animal odors. Scientific Reports, 10(1), p.20771.

- de Barros, G.P. and Bricarello, P.A., 2020. Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858): a neglected zoonosis in Brazil. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 10(6), pp.80-91.

- WOAH. Aug 22, 2025. New World screwworm continues to spread: WOAH calls for strong collaboration across livestock sectors and borders. https://www.woah.org/en/new-world-screwworm-continues-to-spread-woah-calls-for-strong-collaboration-across-livestock-sectors-and-borders/

- Treisman, R. Aug 25, 2025. The US confirms its first human case of New World Screwworm. What is it? NPR, All things considered. https://www.npr.org/2025/08/25/nx-s1-5515487/new-world-screwworm-us-human-case

- APHIS Sept 2,2025. New World Screwworm outbreak in Central America and Mexico. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/cattle/ticks/screwworm/outbreak-central-america

- USDA June 18,2025. New World Screwworm Domestic Readiness and Response Policy Initiative. https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/nws-visit-policy-brief.pdf

Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you won’t pay a penny more, but we’ll get a small commission which helps us keep things running. Thanks!

This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

OCT 28, 2025, 9:50 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Special Episode: Dr. Lindsey Fitzharris and Adrian Teal & Dead Ends!

Science doesn’t always get it right the first time (or the second, or the third, or even the ninety-ninth!). And while we may chuckle at the outlandish things people believed or the goofy experiments they tried, we forget two things: 1) those failures helped us get where we are today and 2) a hundred years from now, people will probably be laughing at the “cutting edge” medical knowledge of today! In this week’s book club episode, Erin and I chat with two of our all-time favorite science communicators, Dr. Lindsey Fithzarris and Adrian Teal to discuss their newest book Dead Ends!: Flukes, Flops & Failures That Sparked Medical Marvels. This hilarious and insightful book, geared towards middle-school readers (but enjoyable for all ages!), frolicks through some of the strangest stories in the history of medicine, accompanied by delightfully grotesque illustrations. There’s learning, there’s laughter, but most importantly, there’s a lesson: failure is okay. Not just okay but a necessary part of science. Tune in for all this and more!

This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

OCT 28, 2025, 9:47 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 191 Famine: More than starvation

As we learned last week, starvation extends far beyond hunger and what a lack of food does to the human body. Similarly, famine is much more than a food shortage and starvation on a population-level scale. This week, we’re picking up where we left off last episode to explore the definitions, drivers, and many dimensions of famine. We trace famines throughout human history, asking how they have changed either in their incidence, severity, or cause. No two famines are exactly alike, but taking a bird’s eye view of patterns in famine over time gives us insight, especially into the famines of the past 100 years. We conclude the episode with a discussion of the ongoing famine in Gaza and other food insecurity crises in other regions of the world. Tune in for a broad overview of this heavy but incredibly important topic.

History

- Applebaum, Anne. Red famine: Stalin’s war on Ukraine. Vintage, 2017.

- De Waal, Alex. Mass starvation: The history and future of famine. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.

- Gráda, Cormac Ó. Famine: A Short History. Princeton University Press, 2009.

- Sen, Amartya. Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford university press, 1982.

- Woodham-smith, Cecil. The Great Hunger. (1962): 385-pp.

- Conley, Bridget, and Alex De Waal. “The purposes of starvation: Historical and contemporary uses.” Journal of International Criminal Justice 17.4 (2019): 699-722.

- de Waal, Alex. “The history and future of famine.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Food Studies. 2024.

- Heijmans, Bastiaan T., et al. “Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.44 (2008): 17046-17049.

- Howe, Paul, and Stephen Devereux. “Famine intensity and magnitude scales: a proposal for an instrumental definition of famine.” Disasters 28.4 (2004): 353-372.

- Shirinian, George N. “Starvation and its political use in the Armenian Genocide.” Genocide Studies International 11.1 (2017): 8-37.

- Tezanos‐Vázquez, Sergio. “Why do famines still occur in the 21st Century? A review on the causes of extreme food insecurity.” Journal of Economic Surveys 39.4 (2025): 1433-1461.

- Vaiserman, Alexander, and Oleh Lushchak. “Prenatal famine exposure and adult health outcomes: an epigenetic link.” Environmental Epigenetics 7.1 (2021): dvab013.

- Vanhaute, Eric. “From famine to food crisis: what history can teach us about local and global subsistence crises.” The Journal of peasant studies 38.1 (2011): 47-65.

- Zimmet, Paul, et al. “Epidemic T2DM, early development and epigenetics: implications of the Chinese Famine.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology 14.12 (2018): 738-746.

- Integrated Food Security Phase Classification

- IPC Famine Fact Sheet

- IPC GAZA STRIP: Famine confirmed in Gaza Governorate, projected to expand | 1 July – 30 September 2025 Published on 22 August 2025

Biology

- Firsthand excerpted from: “Too hungry to think, too weak to sit upright, concentration slips away: the struggle to stay focuses as an academic in Gaza” by Ahmed Kamal Junina published in The Guardian on August 19, 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/aug/19/too-hungry-to-think-too-weak-to-sit-upright-concentration-slips-away-the-struggle-to-stay-focussed-as-an-academic-in-gaza

- Famine Review Committee: Gaza Strip, August 2025. Conclusions and Recommendations. IPC https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Famine_Review_Committee_Report_Gaza_Aug2025.pdf

- Famine Review Committee: Sudan, December 2024. Conclusions and recommendations IPC. https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Famine_Review_Committee_Report_Sudan_Dec2024.pdf

- Hassoun, A., Hamad, A., Iriqat, D., Nijim, M., Bouchikh, Y., Buheji, M. and Aldahdouh, T.Z., 2025. The implications of the ongoing war on Gaza for food sustainability. Sustainable Futures, p.100473.

- IPC analysis portal. Sudan: acute food insecurity situation – updated projections and FRC conflusions for October 2024 to May 2025. https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159433/

- WHO. Public health situation analysis: May 5,2025. Crisis in Upper Nile State, South sudan. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/public-health-situation-analysis—upper-nile-state–south-sudan

- WHO Sudan Conflict and refugee crisis: multi-country external situation report no 10, March- April 2025. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/sudan-conflict-and-refugee-crisis–multi-country-external-situation-report–10–covering-the-reporting-period-march-april-2025

- WHO  Public health situation analysis: March 10, 2025. Sudan Conflict. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/public-health-situation-analysis–sudan-conflict-(10-march-2025)

- WHO Public health situation analysis: September 10,2025 – Hostilities in the occupied Palestinian territory. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/public-health-situation-analysis—occupied-palestinian-territory-September

- UN News. August 5, 2025 Children are ‘skin and bones’ as Sudan marks a grim milestone. UN News Global perspective Human stories. https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/08/1165580

- Botty and Chothia, July 4 2025. Sudan war: a simple guide to what is happening. BBC news: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjel2nn22z9o

- August 8, 2025 Israel and the Palestinians: History of the conflict explained. BBC news: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgr71z0jp4o

- Graham-Harrison. July 31,2025. The mathematics of starvation: how Israel caused a famine in Gaza. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/31/the-mathematics-of-starvation-how-israel-caused-a-famine-in-gaza

- WFP. Emergency – Sudan. https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/sudan

- Philips. Oct 17,2023 . Gaza strip size compared to major world cities in maps. https://www.newsweek.com/gaza-strip-size-compared-world-cities-maps-1835267

- Burke. Sept 6, 2025. More than 7,000 under-fives in Gaza put in malnutrition recovery in two-week period. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/06/unicef-under-5s-recovery-programmes-acute-malnutrition-gaza

- Khatib, R., McKee, M. and Yusuf, S., 2024. Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential. The Lancet, 404(10449), pp.237-238.

- Dardona, Z., Amane, M., Dardona, A. and Boussaa, S., 2025. Health and environmental impacts of Gaza conflict (2023-2024): A review. One Health Bulletin, 5(1), pp.1-12.

- Boukari, Y., Kadir, A., Waterston, T., Jarrett, P., Harkensee, C., Dexter, E., Cinar, E.N., Blackett, K., Nacer, H., Stevens, A. and Devakumar, D., 2024. Gaza, armed conflict and child health. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 8(1), p.e002407.

- Elamin, A., Abdullah, S., ElAbbadi, A., Abdellah, A., Hakim, A., Wagiallah, N. and Ansah, J.P., 2024. Sudan: from a forgotten war to an abandoned healthcare system. BMJ Global Health, 9(10), p.e016406.

- Venkatesan, P., 2025. Burden of infectious diseases in Sudan. The Lancet Microbe, 6(1).

- Reed, R., and Reed, B. 2013. Technical notes on drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene in emergencies. Prepared for WHO by WEDC. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/wash-documents/who-tn-09-how-much-water-is-needed.pdf

- Herschander, Sept 9, 2025. The US stopped showing up to disasters. The results are horrifying. Vox Future Perfect. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/460550/emergency-response-afghanistan-sudan-usaid-foreign-aid

- WHO/FAO Jount news release. July 28,2025. Global hunger declines, but rises in Africa and western Asia: UN report. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-07-2025-global-hunger-declines-but-rises-in-africa-and-western-asia-un-report

Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you won’t pay a penny more, but we’ll get a small commission which helps us keep things running. Thanks!

This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

OCT 14, 2025, 3:00 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 190 Starvation: More than hunger

Deprived of food, our bodies do the best they can to keep us alive and functioning as long as possible. As the days pass, the rhythms of our lives change: our metabolism, our heartbeats, our hormones, even our thoughts shift to adjust to this period of scarcity. This response is evolutionarily engrained, following a variable but fairly prescribed path. In this episode, we trace that path, exploring what happens when our bodies are not given the energy stores they need, how patterns of metabolism alter, leading our bodies to consume themselves, and the profound consequences this has on every part of our physiology and psychology. We also tell the story of how we came to learn about these outcomes, chiefly through a WWII-era study called the Minnesota Starvation Experiment. This is the first of two episodes centered around malnutrition, starvation, and famine. Next week, we’ll explore the broad topic of famine, of which starvation is merely one component.

History

- Cannon, Geoffrey. “The rise and fall of dietetics and of nutrition science, 4000 BCE–2000 CE.” Public Health Nutrition 8.6a (2005): 701-705.

- Carpenter, Kenneth J. “A short history of nutritional science: Part 1 (1785–1885).” The Journal of nutrition 133.3 (2003): 638-645.

- Carpenter, Kenneth J. “A short history of nutritional science: part 2 (1885–1912).” The Journal of Nutrition 133.4 (2003): 975-984.

- Carpenter, Kenneth J. “A short history of nutritional science: part 3 (1912–1944).” The Journal of nutrition 133.10 (2003): 3023-3032.

- Eckert, Elke D., et al. “A 57-year follow-up investigation and review of the Minnesota study on human starvation and its relevance to eating disorders.” Archives of Psychology 2.3 (2018).

- Guetzkow, Harold Steere, and Paul Hoover Bowman. “Men and hunger: A psychological manual for relief workers.” (1946).

- Kalm, Leah M., and Richard D. Semba. “They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment.” The Journal of nutrition 135.6 (2005): 1347-1352.

- Perrin, Carleton E. “The chemical revolution.” Companion to the history of modern science. Routledge, 2020. 264-277.

- Ridgway, Ella, et al. “Historical developments and paradigm shifts in public health nutrition science, guidance and policy actions: a narrative review.” Nutrients 11.3 (2019): 531.

- Russell, Sharman Apt. “The hunger experiment.” The Wilson Quarterly (1976-) 29.3 (2005): 66-82.

- Solomon, S. M., and D. F. Kirby. “The refeeding syndrome: a review.” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 14.1 (1990): 90-97.

- Firsthand: The Minnesota semi-starvation experiment, University Publications, Archives & Special Collections, Colorado State University https://hdl.handle.net/10217/02.0036381

Biology

- Butterly, J.R. and Shepherd, J., 2010. Hunger: the biology and politics of starvation. UPNE.

- Bhutta, Z.A., Berkley, J.A., Bandsma, R.H., Kerac, M., Trehan, I. and Briend, A., 2017. Severe childhood malnutrition. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), pp.1-18.

- Wang, T., Hung, C.C. and Randall, D.J., 2006. The comparative physiology of food deprivation: from feast to famine. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 68(1), pp.223-251.

- Trehan, I. and Manary, M.J., 2015. Management of severe acute malnutrition in low-income and middle-income countries. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(3), pp.283-287.

- Bahwere, P., 2014. Severe acute malnutrition during emergencies: burden, management, and gaps. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 35(2_suppl1), pp.S47-S51.

- Jones, K.D. and Berkley, J.A., 2014. Severe acute malnutrition and infection. Paediatrics and international child health, 34(sup1), pp.S1-S29.

- Otiti, M.I. and Allen, S.J., 2021. Severe acute malnutrition in low-and middle-income countries. Paediatrics and Child Health, 31(8), pp.301-307.

- Alou, M.T., Golden, M.H., Million, M. and Raoult, D., 2021. Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus: Comparative meta-analysis of pathogenic characteristics and implications for treatment. Microbial pathogenesis, 150, p.104702.

- May, T., de la Haye, B., Nord, G., Klatt, K., Stephenson, K., Adams, S., Bollinger, L., Hanchard, N., Arning, E., Bottiglieri, T. and Maleta, K., 2022. One-carbon metabolism in children with marasmus and kwashiorkor. EBioMedicine, 75.

- May, T., Babirekere-Iriso, E., Traoré, M., Berbain, E., Ahmed, M., Amadi, B., Briend, A., Manary, M., Koroma, A.S., Hanchard, N. and Olsen, M.F., 2023. The neglect of kwashiorkor. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 7(11), pp.751-753.

- Fasano, A., 2025. The physiology of hunger. New England Journal of Medicine, 392(4), pp.372-381.

- Burnett, C.J., Li, C., Webber, E., Tsaousidou, E., Xue, S.Y., Brüning, J.C. and Krashes, M.J., 2016. Hunger-driven motivational state competition. Neuron, 92(1), pp.187-201.

- Cahill Jr, G.F., 1970. Starvation in man. New England Journal of Medicine, 282(12), pp.668-675.

- Spettigue, W., Drouin, S., Isserlin, L., Palmert, S., Roscoe, C., Harrison, M., Kanbur, N., Bishop, J. and Norris, M.L., 2025. The Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioural Effects of Starvation in Humans: A Scoping Review. European Eating Disorders Review, 33(4), pp.666-690.

- Collins, S., 2001. Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine. The Lancet, 358(9280), pp.498-501.

- Grey, K., Gonzales, G.B., Abera, M., Lelijveld, N., Thompson, D., Berhane, M., Abdissa, A., Girma, T. and Kerac, M., 2021. Severe malnutrition or famine exposure in childhood and cardiometabolic non-communicable disease later in life: a systematic review. BMJ global health, 6(3).

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OCT 7, 2025, 11:48 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Special Episode: Antonia Hylton & Madness

The United States is in the midst of a monumental mental health crisis, with one in four people predicted to experience mental illness at some point in their lives. Adequate mental health care remains out of reach of so many due to a myriad of factors: unaffordability, stigma, shame, and racism, to name a few, leaving enormous gaps in mental health equity. The roots of these inequities can be traced back decades, to the earliest psychiatric hospitals founded on harmful racist notions of mental illness. In Madness: Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow Asylum, author and award-winning journalist Antonia Hylton explores the story of Crownsville Hospital, a segregated asylum in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, built in 1911 by its first patients: twelve Black men. Over the course of the 20th century, the shifting perspectives of race and mental illness played out in the overcrowded and understaffed Crownsville Hospital, with powerful implications for understanding our current failing to deliver adequate care to all in need. Madness is a powerful and necessary book that sheds much-needed light on the intersections between race, racism, and mental illness.

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

OCT 7, 2025, 11:42 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 189 Newborn screening: The future is here

Every year, millions of babies around the world are screened for dozens of treatable conditions within the first day or two of life. What it takes is a few drops of blood on some filter paper, and what it gives is profound: potentially life-saving information. The advent of newborn screening is one of the greatest public achievements of the 20th century; since their earliest implementation, screening programs have diagnosed hundreds of thousands of babies early enough for medical intervention. And the life-saving potential they hold continues to grow with the development of genomic sequencing technology, which will increase the number of screenable conditions by an order of magnitude. In this episode, we explore the serendipitous origins of newborn screening, what the process looks like from a parent’s perspective, and how cutting-edge technology could revolutionize these programs. To help us navigate the exciting future of newborn screening, Dr. Joshua Milner, Professor of Pediatrics and Director of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology at Columbia University Medical Center joins us to discuss an ambitious research program at NewYork-Presbyterian hospitals titled the GUARDIAN study, or Genomic Uniform-screening Against Rare Disease in All Newborns. Tune in for a truly thrilling episode!

For more on the GUARDIAN study, the groundbreaking research program using genomic sequencing technology to screen newborns at NewYork-Presbyterian hospitals for hundreds of conditions, check out the Advances in Care podcast episode titled “Newborn Gene Sequencing: Expanding Early Detection of Treatable Diseases.”

History

- Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children Charter

- 2025 Current Fiscal Year Report: Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children

- Cohen, Leslie. “The de‐coders: A historical perspective of the genetic counseling profession.” Birth Defects Research 112.4 (2020): 307-315.

- El-Hattab, Ayman W., Mohammed Almannai, and V. Reid Sutton. “Newborn screening: history, current status, and future directions.” Pediatric Clinics 65.2 (2018): 389-405.

- Gaviglio, Amy, et al. “Infants with congenital diseases identified through newborn screening—United States, 2018–2020.” International Journal of Neonatal Screening 9.2 (2023): 23.

- Guthrie, Robert. “Blood screening for phenylketonuria.” Jama 178.8 (1961): 863-863.

- Guthrie, R., and H. Bickel. “The introduction of newborn screening for phenylketonuria: A personal history.” European journal of pediatrics 155.Suppl 1 (1996): S4-S5.

- Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States Final Report of the Task Force on Genetic Testing. Eds Neil A. Holtzman, Michael S. Watson. 1997

- King, Jovanka R., and Lennart Hammarström. “Newborn screening for primary immunodeficiency diseases: history, current and future practice.” Journal of clinical immunology 38.1 (2018): 56-66.

- Levy, Harvey L. “A life in newborn screening.” International Journal of Neonatal Screening 2.4 (2016): 14.

- Levy, Harvey L. “Robert Guthrie and the trials and tribulations of newborn screening.” International journal of neonatal screening 7.1 (2021): 5.

- McCandless, Shawn E., and Erica J. Wright. “Mandatory newborn screening in the United States: History, current status, and existential challenges.” Birth defects research 112.4 (2020): 350-366.

- Penrose, Lionel, and Juda Hirsch Quastel. “Metabolic studies in phenylketonuria.” Biochemical Journal 31.2 (1937): 266.

- Resta, Robert G. “What have we been trying to do and have we been any good at it? A history of measuring the success of genetic counseling.” European Journal of Medical Genetics 62.5 (2019): 300-307.

- Sontag, Marci K. “Infants with congenital disorders identified through newborn screening—United States, 2015–2017.” MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 69 (2020).

- Tarini, Beth A. “The current revolution in newborn screening: new technology, old controversies.” Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 161.8 (2007): 767-772.

- Tluczek, Audrey, Anne L. Ersig, and Shinhyo Lee. “Psychosocial issues related to newborn screening: a systematic review and synthesis.” International Journal of Neonatal Screening 8.4 (2022): 53.

- Wilcken, Bridget, and Veronica Wiley. “Fifty years of newborn screening.” Journal of paediatrics and child health 51.1 (2015): 103-107.

- Woolf, Louis I., and John Adams. “The early history of PKU.” International journal of neonatal screening 6.3 (2020): 59.

Biology

- Levy, P.A., 2010. An overview of newborn screening. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 31(7), pp.622-631.

- Berry, S.A., 2015. Newborn screening. Clinics in Perinatology, 42(2), pp.441-53.

- Ziegler, A., Koval-Burt, C., Kay, D.M., Suchy, S.F., Begtrup, A., Langley, K.G., Hernan, R., Amendola, L.M., Boyd, B.M., Bradley, J. and Brandt, T., 2025. Expanded newborn screening using genome sequencing for early actionable conditions. jama, 333(3), pp.232-240.

- Andermann, A., Blancquaert, I., Beauchamp, S. and Déry, V., 2008. Revisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(4), pp.317-319.

- Andermann, A., Blancquaert, I., Beauchamp, S. and Costea, I., 2010. Guiding policy decisions for genetic screening: developing a systematic and transparent approach. Public Health Genomics, 14(1), pp.9-16.

- “Newborn Screening Information for Families: Laboratory Testing Overview-Minnesota Dept. of Health.” (2014). https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/newbornscreening/families/testing.html

- Baby’s First Test interactive state by state map: https://babysfirsttest.org/newborn-screening/rusp-conditions

- HRSA: About Newborn screening. Rev March 2025. https://newbornscreening.hrsa.gov/about-newborn-screening

- NORD CEO statement on the Termination of the Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. April 4,2025. https://rarediseases.org/ceo-statement-on-termination-of-achdnc/

- Gaviglio, A., McKasson, S., Singh, S. and Ojodu, J., 2023. Infants with congenital diseases identified through newborn screening—United States, 2018–2020. International Journal of Neonatal Screening, 9(2), p.23.

- Tam, P.Y.I., Padilla, C.D., Zlotkin, S., Ayede, A.I., Banu, T., Kayita, J., Khanna, R., Rao, S.P., Siddeeg, K., Walani, S. and de Costa, A., 2024. The 77th World Health Assembly resolution calling for newborn screening, diagnosis, and management of birth defects: moving towards action in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Global Health, 12(11), pp.e1754-e1755.

- World Health Organization, 2024. Universal newborn screening implementation guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290211389

- NHS: Newborn Screening. https://www.nhs.uk/baby/newborn-screening/

- Tluczek, A., Ersig, A.L. and Lee, S., 2022. Psychosocial issues related to newborn screening: a systematic review and synthesis. International Journal of Neonatal Screening, 8(4), p.53.

- Farrell, M.H., Certain, L.K. and Farrell, P.M., 2001. Genetic counseling and risk communication services of newborn screening programs. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 155(2), pp.120-126.

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

SEP 23, 2025, 3:00 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 188 Candida yeast: Here, there, and everywhere

None of us are ever truly alone. Our bodies are home to untold numbers of microbes, chilling on our skin, in our guts, throughout our respiratory tract, inside our bellybuttons, under our fingernails, and beyond. For the most part, we live in harmony with these critters, never giving them a second thought. But occasionally, they may grow a bit too friendly, taking advantage of our hospitality to grow and spread with abandon. Candida yeasts are especially fond of this tactic, leading to millions of infections around the globe each year, many of which can cause significant illness or even death. In this episode, we explore the characteristics of these yeasts that make them so prone to overgrowth, how severe infections can develop, and why one of medicine’s greatest achievements may have helped usher in this new fungal era.

History

- Rippon, John Willard. Medical mycology; the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes. 1982.

- Homei, Aya, and Michael Worboys. “Fungal disease in britain and the united states 1850-2000: Mycoses and modernity.” (2013).

- Anderson, John A., et al. “Candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome: approved by the executive committee of the American academy of allergy and immunology.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 78.2 (1986): 271-273.

- Dismukes, William E., et al. “A randomized, double-blind trial of nystatin therapy for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome.” New England Journal of Medicine 323.25 (1990): 1717-1723.

- Drummond, Rebecca A., et al. “Long-term antibiotic exposure promotes mortality after systemic fungal infection by driving lymphocyte dysfunction and systemic escape of commensal bacteria.” Cell host & microbe 30.7 (2022): 1020-1033.

- Peroumal, Doureradjou, et al. “Commensal fungus Candida albicans maintains a long-term mutualistic relationship with the host to modulate gut microbiota and metabolism.” Microbiology Spectrum 10.5 (2022): e02462-22.

Biology

- Lass-Flörl, C., Kanj, S.S., Govender, N.P., Thompson III, G.R., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L. and Govrins, M.A., 2024. Invasive candidiasis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 10(1), p.20.

- Lopes, J.P. and Lionakis, M.S., 2022. Pathogenesis and virulence of Candida albicans. Virulence, 13(1), pp.89-121.

- Daneshnia, F., de Almeida Júnior, J.N., Ilkit, M., Lombardi, L., Perry, A.M., Gao, M., Nobile, C.J., Egger, M., Perlin, D.S., Zhai, B. and Hohl, T.M., 2023. Worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: current framework and future research roadmap. The Lancet Microbe, 4(6), pp.e470-e480.

- Ratner, J.C., Wilson, J., Roberts, K., Armitage, C. and Barton, R.C., 2025. Increasing rate of non-Candida albicans yeasts and fluconazole resistance in yeast isolates from women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in Leeds, United Kingdom. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 101(1), pp.21-26.

- Chow, N.A., Gade, L., Tsay, S.V., Forsberg, K., Greenko, J.A., Southwick, K.L., Barrett, P.M., Kerins, J.L., Lockhart, S.R., Chiller, T.M. and Litvintseva, A.P., 2018. Multiple introductions and subsequent transmission of multidrug-resistant Candida auris in the USA: a molecular epidemiological survey. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(12), pp.1377-1384.

- Denning, D.W., Kneale, M., Sobel, J.D. and Rautemaa-Richardson, R., 2018. Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. The Lancet infectious diseases, 18(11), pp.e339-e347.

- San Juan Galán, J., Poliquin, V. and Gerstein, A.C., 2023. Insights and advances in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. PLOS pathogens, 19(11), p.e1011684.

- Thompson, G.R., Soriano, A., Honore, P.M., Bassetti, M., Cornely, O.A., Kollef, M., Kullberg, B.J., Pullman, J., Hites, M., Fortún, J. and Horcajada, J.P., 2024. Efficacy and safety of rezafungin and caspofungin in candidaemia and invasive candidiasis: pooled data from two prospective randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 24(3), pp.319-328.

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

SEP 16, 2025, 3:00 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Special Episode: Mary Roach & Replaceable You

When your car breaks down or your fridge goes on the fritz, you can order a replacement part and get things back up and running in no time. The same cannot always be said for another intricate machine: the human body. For centuries, scientists have grappled with making or transplanting suitable replacements for nearly every body part, from hearts to hair and from legs to lungs. We’ve come quite a long way in that quest, so that at times, it feels as though we’re living in a sci-fi novel, where skin cells are printed and we can grow a customized heart. Yet we still have further to go, thanks to our magnificent immune system, who proves to be quite a worthy opponent. Here to tell you all about the weird and wonderful world of regenerative medicine is the one and only Mary Roach, who joins us this week to chat about her latest book Replaceable You: Adventures in Human Anatomy. As with any Mary Roach production, this is the perfect combination of informative, fascinating, and fun. Tune in today!

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

SEP 9, 2025, 3:00 AM EDT | PODCAST | EPISODE PAGE

Episode 187 Hypothermia Part 2: How it helps

Last week, we took you through all the ways that cold can harm us and the harrowing history of humans perishing at its icy hands. Ending the story there would be skipping over the parts where cold gets to play the hero, rather than the villain. In the second installment of this frosty miniseries, we explore the situations in which we might use cold to protect us and how it actually works. We also delve into the surprisingly long (and unsurprisingly grim) history of therapeutic hypothermia, a journey that wouldn’t be complete without a debate over sea cloaks, a reconsideration of the plot of Titanic, and a brief jaunt into cryonics.

History

- Jaekl, Phil. Out Cold: A Chilling Descent Into the Macabre, Controversial, Lifesaving History of Hypothermia. PublicAffairs, 2021.

- Alzaga, Ana G., Gloria A. Salazar, and Joseph Varon. “Breaking the thermal barrier: Dr. Temple Fay.” Resuscitation 69.3 (2006): 359-364.

- Alzaga, Ana G., Mario Cerdan, and Joseph Varon. “Therapeutic hypothermia.” Resuscitation 70.3 (2006): 369-380.

- Berger, Robert L. “Nazi science—the Dachau hypothermia experiments.” New England journal of medicine 322.20 (1990): 1435-1440.

- Carlson, Robert, et al. “Fifty-three years of follow-up of an infant with neonatal encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia.” Pediatric Research 89.5 (2021): 1117-1118.

- Chalak, Lina. “Historical perspectives for therapeutic hypothermia in the newborn: a life worth saving.” Pediatric Research 89.5 (2021): 1057-1058.

- Currie, James. “X. An account of the remarkable effects of a shipwreck on the mariners; with experiments and observations on the influence of immersion in fresh and salt water, hot and cold, on the powers of the living body.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 82 (1792): 199-224.

- Gunn, Alistair J., et al. “Therapeutic hypothermia translates from ancient history in to practice.” Pediatric research 81.1 (2017): 202-209.

- Kochanek, Patrick M., Tomas Drabek, and Samuel A. Tisherman. “Therapeutic hypothermia: the Safar vision.” Journal of neurotrauma 26.3 (2009): 417-420.

- Remba, Salomon Jasqui, et al. “Dominique-Jean Larrey: the effects of therapeutic hypothermia and the first ambulance.” Resuscitation 81.3 (2010): 268-271.

- Sessler, Daniel I. “Thermoregulatory defense mechanisms.” Critical care medicine 37.7 (2009): S203-S210.

- Forrester, John M. “The origins and fate of James Currie’s cold water treatment for fever.” Medical history 44.1 (2000): 57-74.

- Clint, Edward, and Daniel MT Fessler. “Insurmountable heat: the evolution and persistence of defensive hyperthermia.” The Quarterly review of biology 91.1 (2016): 25-46.

Biology

- Varon, J. and Acosta, P., 2008. Therapeutic hypothermia. Chest, 133(5), pp.1267-1274.

- Perman, S.M., Goyal, M., Neumar, R.W., Topjian, A.A. and Gaieski, D.F., 2014. Clinical applications of targeted temperature management. Chest, 145(2), pp.386-393.

- Faix, R.G., Laptook, A.R., Shankaran, S., Eggleston, B., Chowdhury, D., Heyne, R.J., Das, A., Pedroza, C., Tyson, J.E., Wusthoff, C. and Bonifacio, S.L., 2025. Whole-body hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy in preterm infants 33 to 35 weeks’ gestation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics, 179(4), pp.396-406.

- Abate, B.B., Bimerew, M., Gebremichael, B., Mengesha Kassie, A., Kassaw, M., Gebremeskel, T. and Bayih, W.A., 2021. Effects of therapeutic hypothermia on death among asphyxiated neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. PloS one, 16(2), p.e0247229.

- Dankiewicz, J., Cronberg, T., Lilja, G., Jakobsen, J.C., Levin, H., Ullén, S., Rylander, C., Wise, M.P., Oddo, M., Cariou, A. and Bělohlávek, J., 2021. Hypothermia versus normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(24), pp.2283-2294.

- Bernard, S.A., Gray, T.W., Buist, M.D., Jones, B.M., Silvester, W., Gutteridge, G. and Smith, K., 2002. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. New England journal of medicine, 346(8), pp.557-563.

- Lascarrou, J.B., Merdji, H., Le Gouge, A., Colin, G., Grillet, G., Girardie, P., Coupez, E., Dequin, P.F., Cariou, A., Boulain, T. and Brule, N., 2019. Targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest with nonshockable rhythm. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(24), pp.2327-2337.

- Nielsen, N., Wetterslev, J., Cronberg, T., Erlinge, D., Gasche, Y., Hassager, C., Horn, J., Hovdenes, J., Kjaergaard, J., Kuiper, M. and Pellis, T., 2013. Targeted temperature management at 33 C versus 36 C after cardiac arrest. New England journal of medicine, 369(23), pp.2197-2206.

- Nielsen, N., Friberg, H., Gluud, C., Herlitz, J. and Wetterslev, J., 2011. Hypothermia after cardiac arrest should be further evaluated—a systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. International journal of cardiology, 151(3), pp.333-341.

- Perman, S.M., Elmer, J., Maciel, C.B., Uzendu, A., May, T., Mumma, B.E., Bartos, J.A., Rodriguez, A.J., Kurz, M.C., Panchal, A.R. and Rittenberger, J.C., 2024. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on adult advanced cardiovascular life support: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 149(5), pp.e254-e273.

- Sessler, D.I., Pei, L., Li, K., Cui, S., Chan, M.T., Huang, Y., Wu, J., He, X., Bajracharya, G.R., Rivas, E. and Lam, C.K., 2022. Aggressive intraoperative warming versus routine thermal management during non-cardiac surgery (PROTECT): a multicentre, parallel group, superiority trial. The Lancet, 399(10337), pp.1799-1808.

- Kwiecien, S.Y. and McHugh, M.P., 2021. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 121(8), pp.2125-2142.

- Greenberg, S.M., Ziai, W.C., Cordonnier, C., Dowlatshahi, D., Francis, B., Goldstein, J.N., Hemphill III, J.C., Johnson, R., Keigher, K.M., Mack, W.J. and Mocco, J., 2022. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 53(7), pp.e282-e361.

- Hoh, B.L., Ko, N.U., Amin-Hanjani, S., Chou, S.H.Y., Cruz-Flores, S., Dangayach, N.S., Derdeyn, C.P., Du, R., Hänggi, D., Hetts, S.W. and Ifejika, N.L., 2023. 2023 guideline for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 54(7), pp.e314-e370.

- Powers, W.J., Rabinstein, A.A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O.M., Bambakidis, N.C., Becker, K., Biller, J., Brown, M., Demaerschalk, B.M., Hoh, B. and Jauch, E.C., 2019. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke.

- Gocoł, R., Hudziak, D., Bis, J., Mendrala, K., Morkisz, Ł., Podsiadło, P., Kosiński, S., Piątek, J. and Darocha, T., 2021. The role of deep hypothermia in cardiac surgery. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), p.7061.

- Abbasciano, R.G., Koulouroudias, M., Chad, T., Mohamed, W., Leeman, I., Pellowe, C., Kunst, G., Klein, A. and Murphy, G.J., 2022. Role of hypothermia in adult cardiac surgery patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 36(7), pp.1883-1890.

- Rong, L.Q. and Gaudino, M., 2022. Hypothermia, Meta-Analyses and Reporting Bias: Nothing New Under the Sun. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 36(7), pp.1891-1892.

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This article was downloaded on Nov 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM EST.

Table of Contents

This Podcast Will Kill You: 2025 Nov 12

All articles

Episode 193 Necrotizing Fasciitis: A strange beast: 2025 Nov 12

Ep 192 New World Screwworm: Oh-oh here they come: 2025 Nov 5

Special Episode: Dr. Lindsey Fitzharris and Adrian Teal & Dead Ends!: 2025 Oct 28

Episode 191 Famine: More than starvation: 2025 Oct 28

Episode 190 Starvation: More than hunger: 2025 Oct 14

Special Episode: Antonia Hylton & Madness: 2025 Oct 7

Episode 189 Newborn screening: The future is here: 2025 Oct 7

Episode 188 Candida yeast: Here, there, and everywhere: 2025 Sep 23

Special Episode: Mary Roach & Replaceable You: 2025 Sep 16

Episode 187 Hypothermia Part 2: How it helps: 2025 Sep 9